Protein synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins from amino acids. This essential biological process involves two main steps: transcription, where the DNA code is transcribed into mRNA, and translation, where the mRNA is used as a template to assemble a chain of amino acids into a protein. Protein synthesis is tightly regulated and plays a crucial role in various cellular functions, including growth, repair, and metabolism. Dysregulation of protein synthesis is associated with various diseases, making it a key area of research in molecular biology and medicine.